import datetime
import decimal
import gettext as gettext_module
import os
import pickle
import re
import tempfile
from contextlib import contextmanager
from importlib import import_module
from pathlib import Path
from unittest import mock, skipUnless

from asgiref.local import Local

from django import forms
from django.apps import AppConfig
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.locale import LANG_INFO
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from django.core.management.utils import find_command, popen_wrapper
from django.template import Context, Template
from django.test import RequestFactory, SimpleTestCase, TestCase, override_settings
from django.utils import translation
from django.utils.formats import (
    date_format,
    get_format,
    iter_format_modules,
    localize,
    localize_input,
    reset_format_cache,
    sanitize_separators,
    sanitize_strftime_format,
    time_format,
)
from django.utils.numberformat import format as nformat
from django.utils.safestring import SafeString, mark_safe
from django.utils.translation import (
    activate,
    check_for_language,
    deactivate,
    get_language,
    get_language_bidi,
    get_language_from_request,
    get_language_info,
    gettext,
    gettext_lazy,
    ngettext,
    ngettext_lazy,
    npgettext,
    npgettext_lazy,
    pgettext,
    round_away_from_one,
    to_language,
    to_locale,
    trans_null,
    trans_real,
)
from django.utils.translation.reloader import (
    translation_file_changed,
    watch_for_translation_changes,
)
from django.utils.translation.trans_real import LANGUAGE_CODE_MAX_LENGTH

from .forms import CompanyForm, I18nForm, SelectDateForm
from .models import Company, TestModel

here = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
extended_locale_paths = settings.LOCALE_PATHS + [
    os.path.join(here, "other", "locale"),
]


class AppModuleStub:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)


@contextmanager
def patch_formats(lang, **settings):
    from django.utils.formats import _format_cache

    # Populate _format_cache with temporary values
    for key, value in settings.items():
        _format_cache[(key, lang)] = value
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        reset_format_cache()


class TranslationTests(SimpleTestCase):
    @translation.override("fr")
    def test_plural(self):
        """
        Test plurals with ngettext. French differs from English in that 0 is
        singular.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            ngettext("%(num)d year", "%(num)d years", 0) % {"num": 0},
            "0 année",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            ngettext("%(num)d year", "%(num)d years", 2) % {"num": 2},
            "2 ans",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            ngettext("%(size)d byte", "%(size)d bytes", 0) % {"size": 0}, "0 octet"
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            ngettext("%(size)d byte", "%(size)d bytes", 2) % {"size": 2}, "2 octets"
        )

    def test_plural_null(self):
        g = trans_null.ngettext
        self.assertEqual(g("%(num)d year", "%(num)d years", 0) % {"num": 0}, "0 years")
        self.assertEqual(g("%(num)d year", "%(num)d years", 1) % {"num": 1}, "1 year")
        self.assertEqual(g("%(num)d year", "%(num)d years", 2) % {"num": 2}, "2 years")

    @override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
    @translation.override("fr")
    def test_multiple_plurals_per_language(self):
        """
        Normally, French has 2 plurals. As
        other/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/django.po has a different plural equation
        with 3 plurals, this tests if those plural are honored.
        """
        self.assertEqual(ngettext("%d singular", "%d plural", 0) % 0, "0 pluriel1")
        self.assertEqual(ngettext("%d singular", "%d plural", 1) % 1, "1 singulier")
        self.assertEqual(ngettext("%d singular", "%d plural", 2) % 2, "2 pluriel2")
        french = trans_real.catalog()
        # Internal _catalog can query subcatalogs (from different po files).
        self.assertEqual(french._catalog[("%d singular", 0)], "%d singulier")
        self.assertEqual(french._catalog[("%(num)d hour", 0)], "%(num)d heure")

    @translation.override("fr")
    @skipUnless(find_command("msgfmt"), "msgfmt is mandatory for this test")
    def test_multiple_plurals_merge(self):
        def _create_translation_from_string(content):
            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as dirname:
                po_path = Path(dirname).joinpath("fr", "LC_MESSAGES", "django.po")
                po_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
                po_path.write_text(content)
                errors = popen_wrapper(
                    ["msgfmt", "-o", po_path.with_suffix(".mo"), po_path]
                )[1]
                if errors:
                    self.fail(f"msgfmt compilation error: {errors}")
                return gettext_module.translation(
                    domain="django",
                    localedir=dirname,
                    languages=["fr"],
                )

        french = trans_real.catalog()
        # Merge a new translation file with different plural forms.
        catalog1 = _create_translation_from_string(
            'msgid ""\n'
            'msgstr ""\n'
            '"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\\n"\n'
            '"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n==0 ? 1 : 2);\\n"\n'
            'msgid "I win"\n'
            'msgstr "Je perds"\n'
        )
        french.merge(catalog1)
        # Merge a second translation file with plural forms from django.conf.
        catalog2 = _create_translation_from_string(
            'msgid ""\n'
            'msgstr ""\n'
            '"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\\n"\n'
            '"Plural-Forms: Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\\n"\n'
            'msgid "I win"\n'
            'msgstr "Je gagne"\n'
        )
        french.merge(catalog2)
        # Translations from this last one are supposed to win.
        self.assertEqual(french.gettext("I win"), "Je gagne")

    def test_override(self):
        activate("de")
        try:
            with translation.override("pl"):
                self.assertEqual(get_language(), "pl")
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "de")
            with translation.override(None):
                self.assertIsNone(get_language())
                with translation.override("pl"):
                    pass
                self.assertIsNone(get_language())
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "de")
        finally:
            deactivate()

    def test_override_decorator(self):
        @translation.override("pl")
        def func_pl():
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "pl")

        @translation.override(None)
        def func_none():
            self.assertIsNone(get_language())

        try:
            activate("de")
            func_pl()
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "de")
            func_none()
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "de")
        finally:
            deactivate()

    def test_override_exit(self):
        """
        The language restored is the one used when the function was
        called, not the one used when the decorator was initialized (#23381).
        """
        activate("fr")

        @translation.override("pl")
        def func_pl():
            pass

        deactivate()

        try:
            activate("en")
            func_pl()
            self.assertEqual(get_language(), "en")
        finally:
            deactivate()

    def test_lazy_objects(self):
        """
        Format string interpolation should work with *_lazy objects.
        """
        s = gettext_lazy("Add %(name)s")
        d = {"name": "Ringo"}
        self.assertEqual("Add Ringo", s % d)
        with translation.override("de", deactivate=True):
            self.assertEqual("Ringo hinzuf\xfcgen", s % d)
            with translation.override("pl"):
                self.assertEqual("Dodaj Ringo", s % d)

        # It should be possible to compare *_lazy objects.
        s1 = gettext_lazy("Add %(name)s")
        self.assertEqual(s, s1)
        s2 = gettext_lazy("Add %(name)s")
        s3 = gettext_lazy("Add %(name)s")
        self.assertEqual(s2, s3)
        self.assertEqual(s, s2)
        s4 = gettext_lazy("Some other string")
        self.assertNotEqual(s, s4)

    def test_lazy_pickle(self):
        s1 = gettext_lazy("test")
        self.assertEqual(str(s1), "test")
        s2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(s1))
        self.assertEqual(str(s2), "test")

    @override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
    def test_ngettext_lazy(self):
        simple_with_format = ngettext_lazy("%d good result", "%d good results")
        simple_context_with_format = npgettext_lazy(
            "Exclamation", "%d good result", "%d good results"
        )
        simple_without_format = ngettext_lazy("good result", "good results")
        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual(simple_with_format % 1, "1 gutes Resultat")
            self.assertEqual(simple_with_format % 4, "4 guten Resultate")
            self.assertEqual(simple_context_with_format % 1, "1 gutes Resultat!")
            self.assertEqual(simple_context_with_format % 4, "4 guten Resultate!")
            self.assertEqual(simple_without_format % 1, "gutes Resultat")
            self.assertEqual(simple_without_format % 4, "guten Resultate")

        complex_nonlazy = ngettext_lazy(
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good result", "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good results", 4
        )
        complex_deferred = ngettext_lazy(
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good result",
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good results",
            "num",
        )
        complex_context_nonlazy = npgettext_lazy(
            "Greeting",
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good result",
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good results",
            4,
        )
        complex_context_deferred = npgettext_lazy(
            "Greeting",
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good result",
            "Hi %(name)s, %(num)d good results",
            "num",
        )
        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_nonlazy % {"num": 4, "name": "Jim"},
                "Hallo Jim, 4 guten Resultate",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_deferred % {"name": "Jim", "num": 1},
                "Hallo Jim, 1 gutes Resultat",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_deferred % {"name": "Jim", "num": 5},
                "Hallo Jim, 5 guten Resultate",
            )
            with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Your dictionary lacks key"):
                complex_deferred % {"name": "Jim"}
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_nonlazy % {"num": 4, "name": "Jim"},
                "Willkommen Jim, 4 guten Resultate",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_deferred % {"name": "Jim", "num": 1},
                "Willkommen Jim, 1 gutes Resultat",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_deferred % {"name": "Jim", "num": 5},
                "Willkommen Jim, 5 guten Resultate",
            )
            with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Your dictionary lacks key"):
                complex_context_deferred % {"name": "Jim"}

    @override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
    def test_ngettext_lazy_format_style(self):
        simple_with_format = ngettext_lazy("{} good result", "{} good results")
        simple_context_with_format = npgettext_lazy(
            "Exclamation", "{} good result", "{} good results"
        )

        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual(simple_with_format.format(1), "1 gutes Resultat")
            self.assertEqual(simple_with_format.format(4), "4 guten Resultate")
            self.assertEqual(simple_context_with_format.format(1), "1 gutes Resultat!")
            self.assertEqual(simple_context_with_format.format(4), "4 guten Resultate!")

        complex_nonlazy = ngettext_lazy(
            "Hi {name}, {num} good result", "Hi {name}, {num} good results", 4
        )
        complex_deferred = ngettext_lazy(
            "Hi {name}, {num} good result", "Hi {name}, {num} good results", "num"
        )
        complex_context_nonlazy = npgettext_lazy(
            "Greeting",
            "Hi {name}, {num} good result",
            "Hi {name}, {num} good results",
            4,
        )
        complex_context_deferred = npgettext_lazy(
            "Greeting",
            "Hi {name}, {num} good result",
            "Hi {name}, {num} good results",
            "num",
        )
        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_nonlazy.format(num=4, name="Jim"),
                "Hallo Jim, 4 guten Resultate",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_deferred.format(name="Jim", num=1),
                "Hallo Jim, 1 gutes Resultat",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_deferred.format(name="Jim", num=5),
                "Hallo Jim, 5 guten Resultate",
            )
            with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Your dictionary lacks key"):
                complex_deferred.format(name="Jim")
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_nonlazy.format(num=4, name="Jim"),
                "Willkommen Jim, 4 guten Resultate",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_deferred.format(name="Jim", num=1),
                "Willkommen Jim, 1 gutes Resultat",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                complex_context_deferred.format(name="Jim", num=5),
                "Willkommen Jim, 5 guten Resultate",
            )
            with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Your dictionary lacks key"):
                complex_context_deferred.format(name="Jim")

    def test_ngettext_lazy_bool(self):
        self.assertTrue(ngettext_lazy("%d good result", "%d good results"))
        self.assertFalse(ngettext_lazy("", ""))

    def test_ngettext_lazy_pickle(self):
        s1 = ngettext_lazy("%d good result", "%d good results")
        self.assertEqual(s1 % 1, "1 good result")
        self.assertEqual(s1 % 8, "8 good results")
        s2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(s1))
        self.assertEqual(s2 % 1, "1 good result")
        self.assertEqual(s2 % 8, "8 good results")

    @override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
    def test_pgettext(self):
        trans_real._active = Local()
        trans_real._translations = {}
        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual(pgettext("unexisting", "May"), "May")
            self.assertEqual(pgettext("month name", "May"), "Mai")
            self.assertEqual(pgettext("verb", "May"), "Kann")
            self.assertEqual(
                npgettext("search", "%d result", "%d results", 4) % 4, "4 Resultate"
            )

    def test_empty_value(self):
        """Empty value must stay empty after being translated (#23196)."""
        with translation.override("de"):
            self.assertEqual("", gettext(""))
            s = mark_safe("")
            self.assertEqual(s, gettext(s))

    @override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
    def test_safe_status(self):
        """
        Translating a string requiring no auto-escaping with gettext or
        pgettext shouldn't change the "safe" status.
        """
        trans_real._active = Local()
        trans_real._translations = {}
        s1 = mark_safe("Password")
        s2 = mark_safe("May")
        with translation.override("de", deactivate=True):
            self.assertIs(type(gettext(s1)), SafeString)
            self.assertIs(type(pgettext("month name", s2)), SafeString)
        self.assertEqual("aPassword", SafeString("a") + s1)
        self.assertEqual("Passworda", s1 + SafeString("a"))
        self.assertEqual("Passworda", s1 + mark_safe("a"))
        self.assertEqual("aPassword", mark_safe("a") + s1)
        self.assertEqual("as", mark_safe("a") + mark_safe("s"))

    def test_maclines(self):
        """
        Translations on files with Mac or DOS end of lines will be converted
        to unix EOF in .po catalogs.
        """
        ca_translation = trans_real.translation("ca")
        ca_translation._catalog["Mac\nEOF\n"] = "Catalan Mac\nEOF\n"
        ca_translation._catalog["Win\nEOF\n"] = "Catalan Win\nEOF\n"
        with translation.override("ca", deactivate=True):
            self.assertEqual("Catalan Mac\nEOF\n", gettext("Mac\rEOF\r"))
            self.assertEqual("Catalan Win\nEOF\n", gettext("Win\r\nEOF\r\n"))

    def test_to_locale(self):
        tests = (
            ("en", "en"),
            ("EN", "en"),
            ("en-us", "en_US"),
            ("EN-US", "en_US"),
            ("en_US", "en_US"),
            # With > 2 characters after the dash.
            ("sr-latn", "sr_Latn"),
            ("sr-LATN", "sr_Latn"),
            ("sr_Latn", "sr_Latn"),
            # 3-char language codes.
            ("ber-MA", "ber_MA"),
            ("BER-MA", "ber_MA"),
            ("BER_MA", "ber_MA"),
            ("ber_MA", "ber_MA"),
            # With private use subtag (x-informal).
            ("nl-nl-x-informal", "nl_NL-x-informal"),
            ("NL-NL-X-INFORMAL", "nl_NL-x-informal"),
            ("sr-latn-x-informal", "sr_Latn-x-informal"),
            ("SR-LATN-X-INFORMAL", "sr_Latn-x-informal"),
        )
        for lang, locale in tests:
            with self.subTest(lang=lang):
                self.assertEqual(to_locale(lang), locale)

    def test_to_language(self):
        self.assertEqual(to_language("en_US"), "en-us")
        self.assertEqual(to_language("sr_Lat"), "sr-lat")

    def test_language_bidi(self):
        self.assertIs(get_language_bidi(), False)
        with translation.override(None):
            self.assertIs(get_language_bidi(), False)

    def test_language_bidi_null(self):
        self.assertIs(trans_null.get_language_bidi(), False)
        with override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="he"):
            self.assertIs(get_language_bidi(), True)


class TranslationLoadingTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        """Clear translation state."""
        self._old_language = get_language()
        self._old_translations = trans_real._translations
        deactivate()
        trans_real._translations = {}

    def tearDown(self):
        trans_real._translations = self._old_translations
        activate(self._old_language)

    @override_settings(
        USE_I18N=True,
        LANGUAGE_CODE="en",
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en", "English"),
            ("en-ca", "English (Canada)"),
            ("en-nz", "English (New Zealand)"),
            ("en-au", "English (Australia)"),
        ],
        LOCALE_PATHS=[os.path.join(here, "loading")],
        INSTALLED_APPS=["i18n.loading_app"],
    )
    def test_translation_loading(self):
        """
        "loading_app" does not have translations for all languages provided by
        "loading". Catalogs are merged correctly.
        """
        tests = [
            ("en", "local country person"),
            ("en_AU", "aussie"),
            ("en_NZ", "kiwi"),
            ("en_CA", "canuck"),
        ]
        # Load all relevant translations.
        for language, _ in tests:
            activate(language)
        # Catalogs are merged correctly.
        for language, nickname in tests:
            with self.subTest(language=language):
                activate(language)
                self.assertEqual(gettext("local country person"), nickname)


class TranslationThreadSafetyTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self._old_language = get_language()
        self._translations = trans_real._translations

        # here we rely on .split() being called inside the _fetch()
        # in trans_real.translation()
        class sideeffect_str(str):
            def split(self, *args, **kwargs):
                res = str.split(self, *args, **kwargs)
                trans_real._translations["en-YY"] = None
                return res

        trans_real._translations = {sideeffect_str("en-XX"): None}

    def tearDown(self):
        trans_real._translations = self._translations
        activate(self._old_language)

    def test_bug14894_translation_activate_thread_safety(self):
        translation_count = len(trans_real._translations)
        # May raise RuntimeError if translation.activate() isn't thread-safe.
        translation.activate("pl")
        # make sure sideeffect_str actually added a new translation
        self.assertLess(translation_count, len(trans_real._translations))


class FormattingTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.n = decimal.Decimal("66666.666")
        self.f = 99999.999
        self.d = datetime.date(2009, 12, 31)
        self.dt = datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 20, 50)
        self.t = datetime.time(10, 15, 48)
        self.long = 10000
        self.ctxt = Context(
            {
                "n": self.n,
                "t": self.t,
                "d": self.d,
                "dt": self.dt,
                "f": self.f,
                "l": self.long,
            }
        )

    def test_all_format_strings(self):
        all_locales = LANG_INFO.keys()
        some_date = datetime.date(2017, 10, 14)
        some_datetime = datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 14, 10, 23)
        for locale in all_locales:
            with self.subTest(locale=locale), translation.override(locale):
                self.assertIn(
                    "2017", date_format(some_date)
                )  # Uses DATE_FORMAT by default
                self.assertIn(
                    "23", time_format(some_datetime)
                )  # Uses TIME_FORMAT by default
                self.assertIn("2017", date_format(some_datetime, "DATETIME_FORMAT"))
                self.assertIn("2017", date_format(some_date, "YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT"))
                self.assertIn("14", date_format(some_date, "MONTH_DAY_FORMAT"))
                self.assertIn("2017", date_format(some_date, "SHORT_DATE_FORMAT"))
                self.assertIn(
                    "2017",
                    date_format(some_datetime, "SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT"),
                )

    def test_locale_independent(self):
        """
        Localization of numbers
        """
        with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
            self.assertEqual(
                "66666.66",
                nformat(
                    self.n, decimal_sep=".", decimal_pos=2, grouping=3, thousand_sep=","
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "66666A6",
                nformat(
                    self.n, decimal_sep="A", decimal_pos=1, grouping=1, thousand_sep="B"
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "66666",
                nformat(
                    self.n, decimal_sep="X", decimal_pos=0, grouping=1, thousand_sep="Y"
                ),
            )

        with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
            self.assertEqual(
                "66,666.66",
                nformat(
                    self.n, decimal_sep=".", decimal_pos=2, grouping=3, thousand_sep=","
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "6B6B6B6B6A6",
                nformat(
                    self.n, decimal_sep="A", decimal_pos=1, grouping=1, thousand_sep="B"
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "-66666.6", nformat(-66666.666, decimal_sep=".", decimal_pos=1)
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "-66666.0", nformat(int("-66666"), decimal_sep=".", decimal_pos=1)
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "10000.0", nformat(self.long, decimal_sep=".", decimal_pos=1)
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "10,00,00,000.00",
                nformat(
                    100000000.00,
                    decimal_sep=".",
                    decimal_pos=2,
                    grouping=(3, 2, 0),
                    thousand_sep=",",
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "1,0,00,000,0000.00",
                nformat(
                    10000000000.00,
                    decimal_sep=".",
                    decimal_pos=2,
                    grouping=(4, 3, 2, 1, 0),
                    thousand_sep=",",
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "10000,00,000.00",
                nformat(
                    1000000000.00,
                    decimal_sep=".",
                    decimal_pos=2,
                    grouping=(3, 2, -1),
                    thousand_sep=",",
                ),
            )
            # This unusual grouping/force_grouping combination may be triggered
            # by the intcomma filter.
            self.assertEqual(
                "10000",
                nformat(
                    self.long,
                    decimal_sep=".",
                    decimal_pos=0,
                    grouping=0,
                    force_grouping=True,
                ),
            )
            # date filter
            self.assertEqual(
                "31.12.2009 в 20:50",
                Template('{{ dt|date:"d.m.Y в H:i" }}').render(self.ctxt),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "⌚ 10:15", Template('{{ t|time:"⌚ H:i" }}').render(self.ctxt)
            )

    def test_false_like_locale_formats(self):
        """
        The active locale's formats take precedence over the default settings
        even if they would be interpreted as False in a conditional test
        (e.g. 0 or empty string) (#16938).
        """
        with translation.override("fr"):
            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True, THOUSAND_SEPARATOR="!"):
                self.assertEqual("\xa0", get_format("THOUSAND_SEPARATOR"))
                # Even a second time (after the format has been cached)...
                self.assertEqual("\xa0", get_format("THOUSAND_SEPARATOR"))

            with self.settings(FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK=0):
                self.assertEqual(1, get_format("FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK"))
                # Even a second time (after the format has been cached)...
                self.assertEqual(1, get_format("FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK"))

    def test_l10n_enabled(self):
        self.maxDiff = 3000
        # Catalan locale
        with translation.override("ca", deactivate=True):
            self.assertEqual(r"j E \d\e Y", get_format("DATE_FORMAT"))
            self.assertEqual(1, get_format("FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK"))
            self.assertEqual(",", get_format("DECIMAL_SEPARATOR"))
            self.assertEqual("10:15", time_format(self.t))
            self.assertEqual("31 desembre de 2009", date_format(self.d))
            self.assertEqual("1 abril de 2009", date_format(datetime.date(2009, 4, 1)))
            self.assertEqual(
                "desembre del 2009", date_format(self.d, "YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT")
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                "31/12/2009 20:50", date_format(self.dt, "SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT")
            )
            self.assertEqual("No localizable", localize("No localizable"))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual("66.666,666", localize(self.n))
                self.assertEqual("99.999,999", localize(self.f))
                self.assertEqual("10.000", localize(self.long))
                self.assertEqual("True", localize(True))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
                self.assertEqual("66666,666", localize(self.n))
                self.assertEqual("99999,999", localize(self.f))
                self.assertEqual("10000", localize(self.long))
                self.assertEqual("31 desembre de 2009", localize(self.d))
                self.assertEqual("31 desembre de 2009 a les 20:50", localize(self.dt))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual("66.666,666", Template("{{ n }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("99.999,999", Template("{{ f }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("10.000", Template("{{ l }}").render(self.ctxt))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                form3 = I18nForm(
                    {
                        "decimal_field": "66.666,666",
                        "float_field": "99.999,999",
                        "date_field": "31/12/2009",
                        "datetime_field": "31/12/2009 20:50",
                        "time_field": "20:50",
                        "integer_field": "1.234",
                    }
                )
                self.assertTrue(form3.is_valid())
                self.assertEqual(
                    decimal.Decimal("66666.666"), form3.cleaned_data["decimal_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(99999.999, form3.cleaned_data["float_field"])
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.date(2009, 12, 31), form3.cleaned_data["date_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 20, 50),
                    form3.cleaned_data["datetime_field"],
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.time(20, 50), form3.cleaned_data["time_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(1234, form3.cleaned_data["integer_field"])

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
                self.assertEqual("66666,666", Template("{{ n }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("99999,999", Template("{{ f }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual(
                    "31 desembre de 2009", Template("{{ d }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "31 desembre de 2009 a les 20:50",
                    Template("{{ dt }}").render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "66666,67", Template("{{ n|floatformat:2 }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "100000,0", Template("{{ f|floatformat }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "66.666,67",
                    Template('{{ n|floatformat:"2g" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "100.000,0",
                    Template('{{ f|floatformat:"g" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "10:15", Template('{{ t|time:"TIME_FORMAT" }}').render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "31/12/2009",
                    Template('{{ d|date:"SHORT_DATE_FORMAT" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "31/12/2009 20:50",
                    Template('{{ dt|date:"SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    date_format(datetime.datetime.now()),
                    Template('{% now "DATE_FORMAT" %}').render(self.ctxt),
                )

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
                form4 = I18nForm(
                    {
                        "decimal_field": "66666,666",
                        "float_field": "99999,999",
                        "date_field": "31/12/2009",
                        "datetime_field": "31/12/2009 20:50",
                        "time_field": "20:50",
                        "integer_field": "1234",
                    }
                )
                self.assertTrue(form4.is_valid())
                self.assertEqual(
                    decimal.Decimal("66666.666"), form4.cleaned_data["decimal_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(99999.999, form4.cleaned_data["float_field"])
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.date(2009, 12, 31), form4.cleaned_data["date_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 20, 50),
                    form4.cleaned_data["datetime_field"],
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    datetime.time(20, 50), form4.cleaned_data["time_field"]
                )
                self.assertEqual(1234, form4.cleaned_data["integer_field"])

            form5 = SelectDateForm(
                {
                    "date_field_month": "12",
                    "date_field_day": "31",
                    "date_field_year": "2009",
                }
            )
            self.assertTrue(form5.is_valid())
            self.assertEqual(
                datetime.date(2009, 12, 31), form5.cleaned_data["date_field"]
            )
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                '<select name="mydate_day" id="id_mydate_day">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">1</option>'
                '<option value="2">2</option>'
                '<option value="3">3</option>'
                '<option value="4">4</option>'
                '<option value="5">5</option>'
                '<option value="6">6</option>'
                '<option value="7">7</option>'
                '<option value="8">8</option>'
                '<option value="9">9</option>'
                '<option value="10">10</option>'
                '<option value="11">11</option>'
                '<option value="12">12</option>'
                '<option value="13">13</option>'
                '<option value="14">14</option>'
                '<option value="15">15</option>'
                '<option value="16">16</option>'
                '<option value="17">17</option>'
                '<option value="18">18</option>'
                '<option value="19">19</option>'
                '<option value="20">20</option>'
                '<option value="21">21</option>'
                '<option value="22">22</option>'
                '<option value="23">23</option>'
                '<option value="24">24</option>'
                '<option value="25">25</option>'
                '<option value="26">26</option>'
                '<option value="27">27</option>'
                '<option value="28">28</option>'
                '<option value="29">29</option>'
                '<option value="30">30</option>'
                '<option value="31" selected>31</option>'
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_month" id="id_mydate_month">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">gener</option>'
                '<option value="2">febrer</option>'
                '<option value="3">mar\xe7</option>'
                '<option value="4">abril</option>'
                '<option value="5">maig</option>'
                '<option value="6">juny</option>'
                '<option value="7">juliol</option>'
                '<option value="8">agost</option>'
                '<option value="9">setembre</option>'
                '<option value="10">octubre</option>'
                '<option value="11">novembre</option>'
                '<option value="12" selected>desembre</option>'
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_year" id="id_mydate_year">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="2009" selected>2009</option>'
                '<option value="2010">2010</option>'
                '<option value="2011">2011</option>'
                '<option value="2012">2012</option>'
                '<option value="2013">2013</option>'
                '<option value="2014">2014</option>'
                '<option value="2015">2015</option>'
                '<option value="2016">2016</option>'
                '<option value="2017">2017</option>'
                '<option value="2018">2018</option>'
                "</select>",
                forms.SelectDateWidget(years=range(2009, 2019)).render(
                    "mydate", datetime.date(2009, 12, 31)
                ),
            )

        # Russian locale (with E as month)
        with translation.override("ru", deactivate=True):
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                '<select name="mydate_day" id="id_mydate_day">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">1</option>'
                '<option value="2">2</option>'
                '<option value="3">3</option>'
                '<option value="4">4</option>'
                '<option value="5">5</option>'
                '<option value="6">6</option>'
                '<option value="7">7</option>'
                '<option value="8">8</option>'
                '<option value="9">9</option>'
                '<option value="10">10</option>'
                '<option value="11">11</option>'
                '<option value="12">12</option>'
                '<option value="13">13</option>'
                '<option value="14">14</option>'
                '<option value="15">15</option>'
                '<option value="16">16</option>'
                '<option value="17">17</option>'
                '<option value="18">18</option>'
                '<option value="19">19</option>'
                '<option value="20">20</option>'
                '<option value="21">21</option>'
                '<option value="22">22</option>'
                '<option value="23">23</option>'
                '<option value="24">24</option>'
                '<option value="25">25</option>'
                '<option value="26">26</option>'
                '<option value="27">27</option>'
                '<option value="28">28</option>'
                '<option value="29">29</option>'
                '<option value="30">30</option>'
                '<option value="31" selected>31</option>'
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_month" id="id_mydate_month">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">\u042f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="2">\u0424\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="3">\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442</option>'
                '<option value="4">\u0410\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="5">\u041c\u0430\u0439</option>'
                '<option value="6">\u0418\u044e\u043d\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="7">\u0418\u044e\u043b\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="8">\u0410\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442</option>'
                '<option value="9">\u0421\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c'
                "</option>"
                '<option value="10">\u041e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="11">\u041d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c</option>'
                '<option value="12" selected>\u0414\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c'
                "</option>"
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_year" id="id_mydate_year">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="2009" selected>2009</option>'
                '<option value="2010">2010</option>'
                '<option value="2011">2011</option>'
                '<option value="2012">2012</option>'
                '<option value="2013">2013</option>'
                '<option value="2014">2014</option>'
                '<option value="2015">2015</option>'
                '<option value="2016">2016</option>'
                '<option value="2017">2017</option>'
                '<option value="2018">2018</option>'
                "</select>",
                forms.SelectDateWidget(years=range(2009, 2019)).render(
                    "mydate", datetime.date(2009, 12, 31)
                ),
            )

        # English locale
        with translation.override("en", deactivate=True):
            self.assertEqual("N j, Y", get_format("DATE_FORMAT"))
            self.assertEqual(0, get_format("FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK"))
            self.assertEqual(".", get_format("DECIMAL_SEPARATOR"))
            self.assertEqual("Dec. 31, 2009", date_format(self.d))
            self.assertEqual("December 2009", date_format(self.d, "YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT"))
            self.assertEqual(
                "12/31/2009 8:50 p.m.", date_format(self.dt, "SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT")
            )
            self.assertEqual("No localizable", localize("No localizable"))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual("66,666.666", localize(self.n))
                self.assertEqual("99,999.999", localize(self.f))
                self.assertEqual("10,000", localize(self.long))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
                self.assertEqual("66666.666", localize(self.n))
                self.assertEqual("99999.999", localize(self.f))
                self.assertEqual("10000", localize(self.long))
                self.assertEqual("Dec. 31, 2009", localize(self.d))
                self.assertEqual("Dec. 31, 2009, 8:50 p.m.", localize(self.dt))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual("66,666.666", Template("{{ n }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("99,999.999", Template("{{ f }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("10,000", Template("{{ l }}").render(self.ctxt))

            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=False):
                self.assertEqual("66666.666", Template("{{ n }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("99999.999", Template("{{ f }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual("Dec. 31, 2009", Template("{{ d }}").render(self.ctxt))
                self.assertEqual(
                    "Dec. 31, 2009, 8:50 p.m.", Template("{{ dt }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "66666.67", Template("{{ n|floatformat:2 }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "100000.0", Template("{{ f|floatformat }}").render(self.ctxt)
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "66,666.67",
                    Template('{{ n|floatformat:"2g" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "100,000.0",
                    Template('{{ f|floatformat:"g" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "12/31/2009",
                    Template('{{ d|date:"SHORT_DATE_FORMAT" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    "12/31/2009 8:50 p.m.",
                    Template('{{ dt|date:"SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT" }}').render(self.ctxt),
                )

            form5 = I18nForm(
                {
                    "decimal_field": "66666.666",
                    "float_field": "99999.999",
                    "date_field": "12/31/2009",
                    "datetime_field": "12/31/2009 20:50",
                    "time_field": "20:50",
                    "integer_field": "1234",
                }
            )
            self.assertTrue(form5.is_valid())
            self.assertEqual(
                decimal.Decimal("66666.666"), form5.cleaned_data["decimal_field"]
            )
            self.assertEqual(99999.999, form5.cleaned_data["float_field"])
            self.assertEqual(
                datetime.date(2009, 12, 31), form5.cleaned_data["date_field"]
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 20, 50),
                form5.cleaned_data["datetime_field"],
            )
            self.assertEqual(datetime.time(20, 50), form5.cleaned_data["time_field"])
            self.assertEqual(1234, form5.cleaned_data["integer_field"])

            form6 = SelectDateForm(
                {
                    "date_field_month": "12",
                    "date_field_day": "31",
                    "date_field_year": "2009",
                }
            )
            self.assertTrue(form6.is_valid())
            self.assertEqual(
                datetime.date(2009, 12, 31), form6.cleaned_data["date_field"]
            )
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                '<select name="mydate_month" id="id_mydate_month">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">January</option>'
                '<option value="2">February</option>'
                '<option value="3">March</option>'
                '<option value="4">April</option>'
                '<option value="5">May</option>'
                '<option value="6">June</option>'
                '<option value="7">July</option>'
                '<option value="8">August</option>'
                '<option value="9">September</option>'
                '<option value="10">October</option>'
                '<option value="11">November</option>'
                '<option value="12" selected>December</option>'
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_day" id="id_mydate_day">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="1">1</option>'
                '<option value="2">2</option>'
                '<option value="3">3</option>'
                '<option value="4">4</option>'
                '<option value="5">5</option>'
                '<option value="6">6</option>'
                '<option value="7">7</option>'
                '<option value="8">8</option>'
                '<option value="9">9</option>'
                '<option value="10">10</option>'
                '<option value="11">11</option>'
                '<option value="12">12</option>'
                '<option value="13">13</option>'
                '<option value="14">14</option>'
                '<option value="15">15</option>'
                '<option value="16">16</option>'
                '<option value="17">17</option>'
                '<option value="18">18</option>'
                '<option value="19">19</option>'
                '<option value="20">20</option>'
                '<option value="21">21</option>'
                '<option value="22">22</option>'
                '<option value="23">23</option>'
                '<option value="24">24</option>'
                '<option value="25">25</option>'
                '<option value="26">26</option>'
                '<option value="27">27</option>'
                '<option value="28">28</option>'
                '<option value="29">29</option>'
                '<option value="30">30</option>'
                '<option value="31" selected>31</option>'
                "</select>"
                '<select name="mydate_year" id="id_mydate_year">'
                '<option value="">---</option>'
                '<option value="2009" selected>2009</option>'
                '<option value="2010">2010</option>'
                '<option value="2011">2011</option>'
                '<option value="2012">2012</option>'
                '<option value="2013">2013</option>'
                '<option value="2014">2014</option>'
                '<option value="2015">2015</option>'
                '<option value="2016">2016</option>'
                '<option value="2017">2017</option>'
                '<option value="2018">2018</option>'
                "</select>",
                forms.SelectDateWidget(years=range(2009, 2019)).render(
                    "mydate", datetime.date(2009, 12, 31)
                ),
            )

    def test_uncommon_locale_formats(self):
        testcases = {
            # French Canadian locale uses 'h' as time format seperator.
            ("fr-ca", time_format, (self.t, "TIME_FORMAT")): "10\xa0h\xa015",
            (
                "fr-ca",
                date_format,
                (self.dt, "DATETIME_FORMAT"),
            ): "31 décembre 2009, 20\xa0h\xa050",
            (
                "fr-ca",
                date_format,
                (self.dt, "SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT"),
            ): "2009-12-31 20\xa0h\xa050",
        }
        for testcase, expected in testcases.items():
            locale, format_function, format_args = testcase
            with self.subTest(locale=locale, expected=expected):
                with translation.override(locale, deactivate=True):
                    self.assertEqual(expected, format_function(*format_args))

    def test_sub_locales(self):
        """
        Check if sublocales fall back to the main locale
        """
        with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
            with translation.override("de-at", deactivate=True):
                self.assertEqual("66.666,666", Template("{{ n }}").render(self.ctxt))
            with translation.override("es-us", deactivate=True):
                self.assertEqual("31 de diciembre de 2009", date_format(self.d))

    def test_localized_input(self):
        """
        Tests if form input is correctly localized
        """
        self.maxDiff = 1200
        with translation.override("de-at", deactivate=True):
            form6 = CompanyForm(
                {
                    "name": "acme",
                    "date_added": datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 6, 0, 0),
                    "cents_paid": decimal.Decimal("59.47"),
                    "products_delivered": 12000,
                }
            )
            self.assertTrue(form6.is_valid())
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                form6.as_ul(),
                '<li><label for="id_name">Name:</label>'
                '<input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="acme" '
                '   maxlength="50" required></li>'
                '<li><label for="id_date_added">Date added:</label>'
                '<input type="text" name="date_added" value="31.12.2009 06:00:00" '
                '   id="id_date_added" required></li>'
                '<li><label for="id_cents_paid">Cents paid:</label>'
                '<input type="text" name="cents_paid" value="59,47" id="id_cents_paid" '
                "   required></li>"
                '<li><label for="id_products_delivered">Products delivered:</label>'
                '<input type="text" name="products_delivered" value="12000" '
                '   id="id_products_delivered" required>'
                "</li>",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                localize_input(datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 6, 0, 0)),
                "31.12.2009 06:00:00",
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 6, 0, 0),
                form6.cleaned_data["date_added"],
            )
            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                # Checking for the localized "products_delivered" field
                self.assertInHTML(
                    '<input type="text" name="products_delivered" '
                    'value="12.000" id="id_products_delivered" required>',
                    form6.as_ul(),
                )

    def test_localized_input_func(self):
        tests = (
            (True, "True"),
            (datetime.date(1, 1, 1), "0001-01-01"),
            (datetime.datetime(1, 1, 1), "0001-01-01 00:00:00"),
        )
        with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
            for value, expected in tests:
                with self.subTest(value=value):
                    self.assertEqual(localize_input(value), expected)

    def test_sanitize_strftime_format(self):
        for year in (1, 99, 999, 1000):
            dt = datetime.date(year, 1, 1)
            for fmt, expected in [
                ("%C", "%02d" % (year // 100)),
                ("%F", "%04d-01-01" % year),
                ("%G", "%04d" % year),
                ("%Y", "%04d" % year),
            ]:
                with self.subTest(year=year, fmt=fmt):
                    fmt = sanitize_strftime_format(fmt)
                    self.assertEqual(dt.strftime(fmt), expected)

    def test_sanitize_strftime_format_with_escaped_percent(self):
        dt = datetime.date(1, 1, 1)
        for fmt, expected in [
            ("%%C", "%C"),
            ("%%F", "%F"),
            ("%%G", "%G"),
            ("%%Y", "%Y"),
            ("%%%%C", "%%C"),
            ("%%%%F", "%%F"),
            ("%%%%G", "%%G"),
            ("%%%%Y", "%%Y"),
        ]:
            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
                fmt = sanitize_strftime_format(fmt)
                self.assertEqual(dt.strftime(fmt), expected)

        for year in (1, 99, 999, 1000):
            dt = datetime.date(year, 1, 1)
            for fmt, expected in [
                ("%%%C", "%%%02d" % (year // 100)),
                ("%%%F", "%%%04d-01-01" % year),
                ("%%%G", "%%%04d" % year),
                ("%%%Y", "%%%04d" % year),
                ("%%%%%C", "%%%%%02d" % (year // 100)),
                ("%%%%%F", "%%%%%04d-01-01" % year),
                ("%%%%%G", "%%%%%04d" % year),
                ("%%%%%Y", "%%%%%04d" % year),
            ]:
                with self.subTest(year=year, fmt=fmt):
                    fmt = sanitize_strftime_format(fmt)
                    self.assertEqual(dt.strftime(fmt), expected)

    def test_sanitize_separators(self):
        """
        Tests django.utils.formats.sanitize_separators.
        """
        # Non-strings are untouched
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators(123), 123)

        with translation.override("ru", deactivate=True):
            # Russian locale has non-breaking space (\xa0) as thousand
            # separator Usual space is accepted too when sanitizing inputs
            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1\xa0234\xa0567"), "1234567")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("77\xa0777,777"), "77777.777")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("12 345"), "12345")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("77 777,777"), "77777.777")
            with translation.override(None):
                with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True, THOUSAND_SEPARATOR="."):
                    self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("12\xa0345"), "12\xa0345")

        with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
            with patch_formats(
                get_language(), THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=".", DECIMAL_SEPARATOR=","
            ):
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("10.234"), "10234")
                # Suspicion that user entered dot as decimal separator (#22171)
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("10.10"), "10.10")

        with translation.override(None):
            with self.settings(DECIMAL_SEPARATOR=","):
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1001,10"), "1001.10")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1001.10"), "1001.10")
            with self.settings(
                DECIMAL_SEPARATOR=",",
                THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=".",
                USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True,
            ):
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1.001,10"), "1001.10")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1001,10"), "1001.10")
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1001.10"), "1001.10")
                # Invalid output.
                self.assertEqual(sanitize_separators("1,001.10"), "1.001.10")

    def test_iter_format_modules(self):
        """
        Tests the iter_format_modules function.
        """
        # Importing some format modules so that we can compare the returned
        # modules with these expected modules
        default_mod = import_module("django.conf.locale.de.formats")
        test_mod = import_module("i18n.other.locale.de.formats")
        test_mod2 = import_module("i18n.other2.locale.de.formats")

        with translation.override("de-at", deactivate=True):
            # Should return the correct default module when no setting is set
            self.assertEqual(list(iter_format_modules("de")), [default_mod])

            # When the setting is a string, should return the given module and
            # the default module
            self.assertEqual(
                list(iter_format_modules("de", "i18n.other.locale")),
                [test_mod, default_mod],
            )

            # When setting is a list of strings, should return the given
            # modules and the default module
            self.assertEqual(
                list(
                    iter_format_modules(
                        "de", ["i18n.other.locale", "i18n.other2.locale"]
                    )
                ),
                [test_mod, test_mod2, default_mod],
            )

    def test_iter_format_modules_stability(self):
        """
        Tests the iter_format_modules function always yields format modules in
        a stable and correct order in presence of both base ll and ll_CC
        formats.
        """
        en_format_mod = import_module("django.conf.locale.en.formats")
        en_gb_format_mod = import_module("django.conf.locale.en_GB.formats")
        self.assertEqual(
            list(iter_format_modules("en-gb")), [en_gb_format_mod, en_format_mod]
        )

    def test_get_format_modules_lang(self):
        with translation.override("de", deactivate=True):
            self.assertEqual(".", get_format("DECIMAL_SEPARATOR", lang="en"))

    def test_get_format_lazy_format(self):
        self.assertEqual(get_format(gettext_lazy("DATE_FORMAT")), "N j, Y")

    def test_localize_templatetag_and_filter(self):
        """
        Test the {% localize %} templatetag and the localize/unlocalize
        filters.
        """
        context = Context(
            {"int": 1455, "float": 3.14, "date": datetime.date(2016, 12, 31)}
        )
        template1 = Template(
            "{% load l10n %}{% localize %}"
            "{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }}{% endlocalize %}; "
            "{% localize on %}{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }}{% endlocalize %}"
        )
        template2 = Template(
            "{% load l10n %}{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }}; "
            "{% localize off %}{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }};{% endlocalize %} "
            "{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }}"
        )
        template3 = Template(
            "{% load l10n %}{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ date }}; "
            "{{ int|unlocalize }}/{{ float|unlocalize }}/{{ date|unlocalize }}"
        )
        expected_localized = "1.455/3,14/31. Dezember 2016"
        expected_unlocalized = "1455/3.14/Dez. 31, 2016"
        output1 = "; ".join([expected_localized, expected_localized])
        output2 = "; ".join(
            [expected_localized, expected_unlocalized, expected_localized]
        )
        output3 = "; ".join([expected_localized, expected_unlocalized])
        with translation.override("de", deactivate=True):
            with self.settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True):
                self.assertEqual(template1.render(context), output1)
                self.assertEqual(template2.render(context), output2)
                self.assertEqual(template3.render(context), output3)

    def test_localized_off_numbers(self):
        """A string representation is returned for unlocalized numbers."""
        template = Template(
            "{% load l10n %}{% localize off %}"
            "{{ int }}/{{ float }}/{{ decimal }}{% endlocalize %}"
        )
        context = Context(
            {"int": 1455, "float": 3.14, "decimal": decimal.Decimal("24.1567")}
        )
        with self.settings(
            DECIMAL_SEPARATOR=",",
            USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True,
            THOUSAND_SEPARATOR="°",
            NUMBER_GROUPING=2,
        ):
            self.assertEqual(template.render(context), "1455/3.14/24.1567")

    def test_localized_as_text_as_hidden_input(self):
        """
        Form input with 'as_hidden' or 'as_text' is correctly localized.
        """
        self.maxDiff = 1200

        with translation.override("de-at", deactivate=True):
            template = Template(
                "{% load l10n %}{{ form.date_added }}; {{ form.cents_paid }}"
            )
            template_as_text = Template(
                "{% load l10n %}"
                "{{ form.date_added.as_text }}; {{ form.cents_paid.as_text }}"
            )
            template_as_hidden = Template(
                "{% load l10n %}"
                "{{ form.date_added.as_hidden }}; {{ form.cents_paid.as_hidden }}"
            )
            form = CompanyForm(
                {
                    "name": "acme",
                    "date_added": datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 6, 0, 0),
                    "cents_paid": decimal.Decimal("59.47"),
                    "products_delivered": 12000,
                }
            )
            context = Context({"form": form})
            self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())

            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                template.render(context),
                '<input id="id_date_added" name="date_added" type="text" '
                'value="31.12.2009 06:00:00" required>;'
                '<input id="id_cents_paid" name="cents_paid" type="text" value="59,47" '
                "required>",
            )
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                template_as_text.render(context),
                '<input id="id_date_added" name="date_added" type="text" '
                'value="31.12.2009 06:00:00" required>;'
                '<input id="id_cents_paid" name="cents_paid" type="text" value="59,47" '
                "required>",
            )
            self.assertHTMLEqual(
                template_as_hidden.render(context),
                '<input id="id_date_added" name="date_added" type="hidden" '
                'value="31.12.2009 06:00:00">;'
                '<input id="id_cents_paid" name="cents_paid" type="hidden" '
                'value="59,47">',
            )

    def test_format_arbitrary_settings(self):
        self.assertEqual(get_format("DEBUG"), "DEBUG")

    def test_get_custom_format(self):
        reset_format_cache()
        with self.settings(FORMAT_MODULE_PATH="i18n.other.locale"):
            with translation.override("fr", deactivate=True):
                self.assertEqual("d/m/Y CUSTOM", get_format("CUSTOM_DAY_FORMAT"))

    def test_admin_javascript_supported_input_formats(self):
        """
        The first input format for DATE_INPUT_FORMATS, TIME_INPUT_FORMATS, and
        DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS must not contain %f since that's unsupported by
        the admin's time picker widget.
        """
        regex = re.compile("%([^BcdHImMpSwxXyY%])")
        for language_code, language_name in settings.LANGUAGES:
            for format_name in (
                "DATE_INPUT_FORMATS",
                "TIME_INPUT_FORMATS",
                "DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS",
            ):
                with self.subTest(language=language_code, format=format_name):
                    formatter = get_format(format_name, lang=language_code)[0]
                    self.assertEqual(
                        regex.findall(formatter),
                        [],
                        "%s locale's %s uses an unsupported format code."
                        % (language_code, format_name),
                    )


class MiscTests(SimpleTestCase):
    rf = RequestFactory()

    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="de")
    def test_english_fallback(self):
        """
        With a non-English LANGUAGE_CODE and if the active language is English
        or one of its variants, the untranslated string should be returned
        (instead of falling back to LANGUAGE_CODE) (See #24413).
        """
        self.assertEqual(gettext("Image"), "Bild")
        with translation.override("en"):
            self.assertEqual(gettext("Image"), "Image")
        with translation.override("en-us"):
            self.assertEqual(gettext("Image"), "Image")
        with translation.override("en-ca"):
            self.assertEqual(gettext("Image"), "Image")

    def test_parse_spec_http_header(self):
        """
        Testing HTTP header parsing. First, we test that we can parse the
        values according to the spec (and that we extract all the pieces in
        the right order).
        """
        tests = [
            # Good headers
            ("de", [("de", 1.0)]),
            ("en-AU", [("en-au", 1.0)]),
            ("es-419", [("es-419", 1.0)]),
            ("*;q=1.00", [("*", 1.0)]),
            ("en-AU;q=0.123", [("en-au", 0.123)]),
            ("en-au;q=0.5", [("en-au", 0.5)]),
            ("en-au;q=1.0", [("en-au", 1.0)]),
            ("da, en-gb;q=0.25, en;q=0.5", [("da", 1.0), ("en", 0.5), ("en-gb", 0.25)]),
            ("en-au-xx", [("en-au-xx", 1.0)]),
            (
                "de,en-au;q=0.75,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.25,es;q=0.125,fa;q=0.125",
                [
                    ("de", 1.0),
                    ("en-au", 0.75),
                    ("en-us", 0.5),
                    ("en", 0.25),
                    ("es", 0.125),
                    ("fa", 0.125),
                ],
            ),
            ("*", [("*", 1.0)]),
            ("de;q=0.", [("de", 0.0)]),
            ("en; q=1,", [("en", 1.0)]),
            ("en; q=1.0, * ; q=0.5", [("en", 1.0), ("*", 0.5)]),
            (
                "en" + "-x" * 20,
                [("en-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x", 1.0)],
            ),
            (
                ", ".join(["en; q=1.0"] * 20),
                [("en", 1.0)] * 20,
            ),
            # Bad headers
            ("en-gb;q=1.0000", []),
            ("en;q=0.1234", []),
            ("en;q=.2", []),
            ("abcdefghi-au", []),
            ("**", []),
            ("en,,gb", []),
            ("en-au;q=0.1.0", []),
            (("X" * 97) + "Z,en", []),
            ("da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7,#", []),
            ("de;q=2.0", []),
            ("de;q=0.a", []),
            ("12-345", []),
            ("", []),
            ("en;q=1e0", []),
            ("en-au;q=１.０", []),
            # Invalid as language-range value too long.
            ("xxxxxxxx" + "-xxxxxxxx" * 500, []),
            # Header value too long, only parse up to limit.
            (", ".join(["en; q=1.0"] * 500), [("en", 1.0)] * 45),
        ]
        for value, expected in tests:
            with self.subTest(value=value):
                self.assertEqual(
                    trans_real.parse_accept_lang_header(value), tuple(expected)
                )

    def test_parse_literal_http_header(self):
        tests = [
            ("pt-br", "pt-br"),
            ("pt", "pt"),
            ("es,de", "es"),
            ("es-a,de", "es"),
            # There isn't a Django translation to a US variation of the Spanish
            # language, a safe assumption. When the user sets it as the
            # preferred language, the main 'es' translation should be selected
            # instead.
            ("es-us", "es"),
            # There isn't a main language (zh) translation of Django but there
            # is a translation to variation (zh-hans) the user sets zh-hans as
            # the preferred language, it should be selected without falling
            # back nor ignoring it.
            ("zh-hans,de", "zh-hans"),
            ("NL", "nl"),
            ("fy", "fy"),
            ("ia", "ia"),
            ("sr-latn", "sr-latn"),
            ("zh-hans", "zh-hans"),
            ("zh-hant", "zh-hant"),
        ]
        for header, expected in tests:
            with self.subTest(header=header):
                request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": header})
                self.assertEqual(get_language_from_request(request), expected)

    @override_settings(
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en", "English"),
            ("zh-hans", "Simplified Chinese"),
            ("zh-hant", "Traditional Chinese"),
        ]
    )
    def test_support_for_deprecated_chinese_language_codes(self):
        """
        Some browsers (Firefox, IE, etc.) use deprecated language codes. As
        these language codes will be removed in Django 1.9, these will be
        incorrectly matched. For example zh-tw (traditional) will be
        interpreted as zh-hans (simplified), which is wrong. So we should also
        accept these deprecated language codes.

        refs #18419 -- this is explicitly for browser compatibility
        """
        g = get_language_from_request
        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "zh-cn,en"})
        self.assertEqual(g(request), "zh-hans")

        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "zh-tw,en"})
        self.assertEqual(g(request), "zh-hant")

    def test_special_fallback_language(self):
        """
        Some languages may have special fallbacks that don't follow the simple
        'fr-ca' -> 'fr' logic (notably Chinese codes).
        """
        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "zh-my,en"})
        self.assertEqual(get_language_from_request(request), "zh-hans")

    def test_subsequent_code_fallback_language(self):
        """
        Subsequent language codes should be used when the language code is not
        supported.
        """
        tests = [
            ("zh-Hans-CN", "zh-hans"),
            ("zh-hans-mo", "zh-hans"),
            ("zh-hans-HK", "zh-hans"),
            ("zh-Hant-HK", "zh-hant"),
            ("zh-hant-tw", "zh-hant"),
            ("zh-hant-SG", "zh-hant"),
        ]
        for value, expected in tests:
            with self.subTest(value=value):
                request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": f"{value},en"})
                self.assertEqual(get_language_from_request(request), expected)

    def test_parse_language_cookie(self):
        g = get_language_from_request
        request = self.rf.get("/")
        request.COOKIES[settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME] = "pt-br"
        self.assertEqual("pt-br", g(request))

        request.COOKIES[settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME] = "pt"
        self.assertEqual("pt", g(request))

        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "de"})
        request.COOKIES[settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME] = "es"
        self.assertEqual("es", g(request))

        # There isn't a Django translation to a US variation of the Spanish
        # language, a safe assumption. When the user sets it as the preferred
        # language, the main 'es' translation should be selected instead.
        request = self.rf.get("/")
        request.COOKIES[settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME] = "es-us"
        self.assertEqual(g(request), "es")
        # There isn't a main language (zh) translation of Django but there is a
        # translation to variation (zh-hans) the user sets zh-hans as the
        # preferred language, it should be selected without falling back nor
        # ignoring it.
        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "de"})
        request.COOKIES[settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME] = "zh-hans"
        self.assertEqual(g(request), "zh-hans")

    @override_settings(
        USE_I18N=True,
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en", "English"),
            ("ar-dz", "Algerian Arabic"),
            ("de", "German"),
            ("de-at", "Austrian German"),
            ("pt-BR", "Portuguese (Brazil)"),
        ],
    )
    def test_get_supported_language_variant_real(self):
        g = trans_real.get_supported_language_variant
        self.assertEqual(g("en"), "en")
        self.assertEqual(g("en-gb"), "en")
        self.assertEqual(g("de"), "de")
        self.assertEqual(g("de-at"), "de-at")
        self.assertEqual(g("de-ch"), "de")
        self.assertEqual(g("pt-br"), "pt-br")
        self.assertEqual(g("pt-BR"), "pt-BR")
        self.assertEqual(g("pt"), "pt-br")
        self.assertEqual(g("pt-pt"), "pt-br")
        self.assertEqual(g("ar-dz"), "ar-dz")
        self.assertEqual(g("ar-DZ"), "ar-DZ")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("pt", strict=True)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("pt-pt", strict=True)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("xyz")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("xy-zz")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("x" * LANGUAGE_CODE_MAX_LENGTH)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("x" * (LANGUAGE_CODE_MAX_LENGTH + 1))
        # 167 * 3 = 501 which is LANGUAGE_CODE_MAX_LENGTH + 1.
        self.assertEqual(g("en-" * 167), "en")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("en-" * 167, strict=True)
        self.assertEqual(g("en-" * 30000), "en")  # catastrophic test

    def test_get_supported_language_variant_null(self):
        g = trans_null.get_supported_language_variant
        self.assertEqual(g(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE), settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("pt")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("de")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("de-at")
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("de", strict=True)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("de-at", strict=True)
        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
            g("xyz")

    @override_settings(
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en", "English"),
            ("en-latn-us", "Latin English"),
            ("de", "German"),
            ("de-1996", "German, orthography of 1996"),
            ("de-at", "Austrian German"),
            ("de-ch-1901", "German, Swiss variant, traditional orthography"),
            ("i-mingo", "Mingo"),
            ("kl-tunumiit", "Tunumiisiut"),
            ("nan-hani-tw", "Hanji"),
            ("pl", "Polish"),
        ],
    )
    def test_get_language_from_path_real(self):
        g = trans_real.get_language_from_path
        tests = [
            ("/pl/", "pl"),
            ("/pl", "pl"),
            ("/xyz/", None),
            ("/en/", "en"),
            ("/en-gb/", "en"),
            ("/en-latn-us/", "en-latn-us"),
            ("/en-Latn-US/", "en-Latn-US"),
            ("/de/", "de"),
            ("/de-1996/", "de-1996"),
            ("/de-at/", "de-at"),
            ("/de-AT/", "de-AT"),
            ("/de-ch/", "de"),
            ("/de-ch-1901/", "de-ch-1901"),
            ("/de-simple-page-test/", None),
            ("/i-mingo/", "i-mingo"),
            ("/kl-tunumiit/", "kl-tunumiit"),
            ("/nan-hani-tw/", "nan-hani-tw"),
            (f"/{'a' * 501}/", None),
        ]
        for path, language in tests:
            with self.subTest(path=path):
                self.assertEqual(g(path), language)

    def test_get_language_from_path_null(self):
        g = trans_null.get_language_from_path
        self.assertIsNone(g("/pl/"))
        self.assertIsNone(g("/pl"))
        self.assertIsNone(g("/xyz/"))

    def test_cache_resetting(self):
        """
        After setting LANGUAGE, the cache should be cleared and languages
        previously valid should not be used (#14170).
        """
        g = get_language_from_request
        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "pt-br"})
        self.assertEqual("pt-br", g(request))
        with self.settings(LANGUAGES=[("en", "English")]):
            self.assertNotEqual("pt-br", g(request))

    def test_i18n_patterns_returns_list(self):
        with override_settings(USE_I18N=False):
            self.assertIsInstance(i18n_patterns([]), list)
        with override_settings(USE_I18N=True):
            self.assertIsInstance(i18n_patterns([]), list)


class ResolutionOrderI18NTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        activate("de")
        self.addCleanup(deactivate)

    def assertGettext(self, msgid, msgstr):
        result = gettext(msgid)
        self.assertIn(
            msgstr,
            result,
            "The string '%s' isn't in the translation of '%s'; the actual result is "
            "'%s'." % (msgstr, msgid, result),
        )


class AppResolutionOrderI18NTests(ResolutionOrderI18NTests):
    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="de")
    def test_app_translation(self):
        # Original translation.
        self.assertGettext("Date/time", "Datum/Zeit")

        # Different translation.
        with self.modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={"append": "i18n.resolution"}):
            # Force refreshing translations.
            activate("de")

            # Doesn't work because it's added later in the list.
            self.assertGettext("Date/time", "Datum/Zeit")

            with self.modify_settings(
                INSTALLED_APPS={"remove": "django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig"}
            ):
                # Force refreshing translations.
                activate("de")

                # Unless the original is removed from the list.
                self.assertGettext("Date/time", "Datum/Zeit (APP)")


@override_settings(LOCALE_PATHS=extended_locale_paths)
class LocalePathsResolutionOrderI18NTests(ResolutionOrderI18NTests):
    def test_locale_paths_translation(self):
        self.assertGettext("Time", "LOCALE_PATHS")

    def test_locale_paths_override_app_translation(self):
        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["i18n.resolution"]):
            self.assertGettext("Time", "LOCALE_PATHS")


class DjangoFallbackResolutionOrderI18NTests(ResolutionOrderI18NTests):
    def test_django_fallback(self):
        self.assertEqual(gettext("Date/time"), "Datum/Zeit")


@override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["i18n.territorial_fallback"])
class TranslationFallbackI18NTests(ResolutionOrderI18NTests):
    def test_sparse_territory_catalog(self):
        """
        Untranslated strings for territorial language variants use the
        translations of the generic language. In this case, the de-de
        translation falls back to de.
        """
        with translation.override("de-de"):
            self.assertGettext("Test 1 (en)", "(de-de)")
            self.assertGettext("Test 2 (en)", "(de)")


class TestModels(TestCase):
    def test_lazy(self):
        tm = TestModel()
        tm.save()

    def test_safestr(self):
        c = Company(cents_paid=12, products_delivered=1)
        c.name = SafeString("Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn1")
        c.save()


class TestLanguageInfo(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_localized_language_info(self):
        li = get_language_info("de")
        self.assertEqual(li["code"], "de")
        self.assertEqual(li["name_local"], "Deutsch")
        self.assertEqual(li["name"], "German")
        self.assertIs(li["bidi"], False)

    def test_unknown_language_code(self):
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Unknown language code xx"):
            get_language_info("xx")
        with translation.override("xx"):
            # A language with no translation catalogs should fallback to the
            # untranslated string.
            self.assertEqual(gettext("Title"), "Title")

    def test_unknown_only_country_code(self):
        li = get_language_info("de-xx")
        self.assertEqual(li["code"], "de")
        self.assertEqual(li["name_local"], "Deutsch")
        self.assertEqual(li["name"], "German")
        self.assertIs(li["bidi"], False)

    def test_unknown_language_code_and_country_code(self):
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, "Unknown language code xx-xx and xx"):
            get_language_info("xx-xx")

    def test_fallback_language_code(self):
        """
        get_language_info return the first fallback language info if the
        lang_info struct does not contain the 'name' key.
        """
        li = get_language_info("zh-my")
        self.assertEqual(li["code"], "zh-hans")
        li = get_language_info("zh-hans")
        self.assertEqual(li["code"], "zh-hans")


@override_settings(
    USE_I18N=True,
    LANGUAGES=[
        ("en", "English"),
        ("fr", "French"),
    ],
    MIDDLEWARE=[
        "django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware",
        "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    ],
    ROOT_URLCONF="i18n.urls",
)
class LocaleMiddlewareTests(TestCase):
    def test_streaming_response(self):
        # Regression test for #5241
        response = self.client.get("/fr/streaming/")
        self.assertContains(response, "Oui/Non")
        response = self.client.get("/en/streaming/")
        self.assertContains(response, "Yes/No")


@override_settings(
    USE_I18N=True,
    LANGUAGES=[
        ("en", "English"),
        ("de", "German"),
        ("fr", "French"),
    ],
    MIDDLEWARE=[
        "django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware",
        "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    ],
    ROOT_URLCONF="i18n.urls_default_unprefixed",
    LANGUAGE_CODE="en",
)
class UnprefixedDefaultLanguageTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_default_lang_without_prefix(self):
        """
        With i18n_patterns(..., prefix_default_language=False), the default
        language (settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) should be accessible without a
        prefix.
        """
        response = self.client.get("/simple/")
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Yes")

    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="en-us")
    def test_default_lang_fallback_without_prefix(self):
        response = self.client.get("/simple/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Yes")

    def test_other_lang_with_prefix(self):
        response = self.client.get("/fr/simple/")
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Oui")

    def test_unprefixed_language_other_than_accept_language(self):
        response = self.client.get("/simple/", HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE="fr")
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Yes")

    def test_page_with_dash(self):
        # A page starting with /de* shouldn't match the 'de' language code.
        response = self.client.get("/de-simple-page-test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Yes")

    def test_no_redirect_on_404(self):
        """
        A request for a nonexistent URL shouldn't cause a redirect to
        /<default_language>/<request_url> when prefix_default_language=False
        and /<default_language>/<request_url> has a URL match (#27402).
        """
        # A match for /group1/group2/ must exist for this to act as a
        # regression test.
        response = self.client.get("/group1/group2/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        response = self.client.get("/nonexistent/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)


@override_settings(
    USE_I18N=True,
    LANGUAGES=[
        ("bg", "Bulgarian"),
        ("en-us", "English"),
        ("pt-br", "Portuguese (Brazil)"),
    ],
    MIDDLEWARE=[
        "django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware",
        "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    ],
    ROOT_URLCONF="i18n.urls",
)
class CountrySpecificLanguageTests(SimpleTestCase):
    rf = RequestFactory()

    def test_check_for_language(self):
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("en"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("en-us"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("en-US"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("en_US"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("be"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("be@latin"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("sr-RS@latin"))
        self.assertTrue(check_for_language("sr-RS@12345"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("en-ü"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("en\x00"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language(None))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("be@ "))
        # Specifying encoding is not supported (Django enforces UTF-8)
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("tr-TR.UTF-8"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("tr-TR.UTF8"))
        self.assertFalse(check_for_language("de-DE.utf-8"))

    def test_check_for_language_null(self):
        self.assertIs(trans_null.check_for_language("en"), True)

    def test_get_language_from_request(self):
        # issue 19919
        request = self.rf.get(
            "/", headers={"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.8,bg;q=0.6,ru;q=0.4"}
        )
        lang = get_language_from_request(request)
        self.assertEqual("en-us", lang)

        request = self.rf.get(
            "/", headers={"accept-language": "bg-bg,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,ru;q=0.4"}
        )
        lang = get_language_from_request(request)
        self.assertEqual("bg", lang)

    def test_get_language_from_request_code_too_long(self):
        request = self.rf.get("/", headers={"accept-language": "a" * 501})
        lang = get_language_from_request(request)
        self.assertEqual("en-us", lang)

    def test_get_language_from_request_null(self):
        lang = trans_null.get_language_from_request(None)
        self.assertEqual(lang, "en")
        with override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="de"):
            lang = trans_null.get_language_from_request(None)
            self.assertEqual(lang, "de")

    def test_specific_language_codes(self):
        # issue 11915
        request = self.rf.get(
            "/", headers={"accept-language": "pt,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,ru;q=0.4"}
        )
        lang = get_language_from_request(request)
        self.assertEqual("pt-br", lang)

        request = self.rf.get(
            "/", headers={"accept-language": "pt-pt,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,ru;q=0.4"}
        )
        lang = get_language_from_request(request)
        self.assertEqual("pt-br", lang)


class TranslationFilesMissing(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.gettext_find_builtin = gettext_module.find

    def tearDown(self):
        gettext_module.find = self.gettext_find_builtin
        super().tearDown()

    def patchGettextFind(self):
        gettext_module.find = lambda *args, **kw: None

    def test_failure_finding_default_mo_files(self):
        """OSError is raised if the default language is unparseable."""
        self.patchGettextFind()
        trans_real._translations = {}
        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
            activate("en")


class NonDjangoLanguageTests(SimpleTestCase):
    """
    A language non present in default Django languages can still be
    installed/used by a Django project.
    """

    @override_settings(
        USE_I18N=True,
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en-us", "English"),
            ("xxx", "Somelanguage"),
        ],
        LANGUAGE_CODE="xxx",
        LOCALE_PATHS=[os.path.join(here, "commands", "locale")],
    )
    def test_non_django_language(self):
        self.assertEqual(get_language(), "xxx")
        self.assertEqual(gettext("year"), "reay")

    @override_settings(USE_I18N=True)
    def test_check_for_language(self):
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as app_dir:
            os.makedirs(os.path.join(app_dir, "locale", "dummy_Lang", "LC_MESSAGES"))
            open(
                os.path.join(
                    app_dir, "locale", "dummy_Lang", "LC_MESSAGES", "django.mo"
                ),
                "w",
            ).close()
            app_config = AppConfig("dummy_app", AppModuleStub(__path__=[app_dir]))
            with mock.patch(
                "django.apps.apps.get_app_configs", return_value=[app_config]
            ):
                self.assertIs(check_for_language("dummy-lang"), True)

    @override_settings(
        USE_I18N=True,
        LANGUAGES=[
            ("en-us", "English"),
            # xyz language has no locale files
            ("xyz", "XYZ"),
        ],
    )
    @translation.override("xyz")
    def test_plural_non_django_language(self):
        self.assertEqual(get_language(), "xyz")
        self.assertEqual(ngettext("year", "years", 2), "years")


@override_settings(USE_I18N=True)
class WatchForTranslationChangesTests(SimpleTestCase):
    @override_settings(USE_I18N=False)
    def test_i18n_disabled(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
        mocked_sender.watch_dir.assert_not_called()

    def test_i18n_enabled(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
        self.assertGreater(mocked_sender.watch_dir.call_count, 1)

    def test_i18n_locale_paths(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as app_dir:
            with self.settings(LOCALE_PATHS=[app_dir]):
                watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
            mocked_sender.watch_dir.assert_any_call(Path(app_dir), "**/*.mo")

    def test_i18n_app_dirs(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["i18n.sampleproject"]):
            watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
        project_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "sampleproject" / "locale"
        mocked_sender.watch_dir.assert_any_call(project_dir, "**/*.mo")

    def test_i18n_app_dirs_ignore_django_apps(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["django.contrib.admin"]):
            watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
        mocked_sender.watch_dir.assert_called_once_with(Path("locale"), "**/*.mo")

    def test_i18n_local_locale(self):
        mocked_sender = mock.MagicMock()
        watch_for_translation_changes(mocked_sender)
        locale_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "locale"
        mocked_sender.watch_dir.assert_any_call(locale_dir, "**/*.mo")


class TranslationFileChangedTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.gettext_translations = gettext_module._translations.copy()
        self.trans_real_translations = trans_real._translations.copy()

    def tearDown(self):
        gettext._translations = self.gettext_translations
        trans_real._translations = self.trans_real_translations

    def test_ignores_non_mo_files(self):
        gettext_module._translations = {"foo": "bar"}
        path = Path("test.py")
        self.assertIsNone(translation_file_changed(None, path))
        self.assertEqual(gettext_module._translations, {"foo": "bar"})

    def test_resets_cache_with_mo_files(self):
        gettext_module._translations = {"foo": "bar"}
        trans_real._translations = {"foo": "bar"}
        trans_real._default = 1
        trans_real._active = False
        path = Path("test.mo")
        self.assertIs(translation_file_changed(None, path), True)
        self.assertEqual(gettext_module._translations, {})
        self.assertEqual(trans_real._translations, {})
        self.assertIsNone(trans_real._default)
        self.assertIsInstance(trans_real._active, Local)


class UtilsTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_round_away_from_one(self):
        tests = [
            (0, 0),
            (0.0, 0),
            (0.25, 0),
            (0.5, 0),
            (0.75, 0),
            (1, 1),
            (1.0, 1),
            (1.25, 2),
            (1.5, 2),
            (1.75, 2),
            (-0.0, 0),
            (-0.25, -1),
            (-0.5, -1),
            (-0.75, -1),
            (-1, -1),
            (-1.0, -1),
            (-1.25, -2),
            (-1.5, -2),
            (-1.75, -2),
        ]
        for value, expected in tests:
            with self.subTest(value=value):
                self.assertEqual(round_away_from_one(value), expected)
