# BSD 3-Clause License; see https://github.com/scikit-hep/awkward/blob/main/LICENSE

from __future__ import annotations

import awkward as ak
from awkward._attrs import attrs_of_obj
from awkward._connect.numpy import UNSUPPORTED
from awkward._dispatch import high_level_function
from awkward._layout import (
    HighLevelContext,
    ensure_same_backend,
    maybe_highlevel_to_lowlevel,
    maybe_posaxis,
)
from awkward._namedaxis import (
    NAMED_AXIS_KEY,
    _get_named_axis,
    _named_axis_to_positional_axis,
)
from awkward._nplikes import ufuncs
from awkward._nplikes.numpy_like import NumpyMetadata
from awkward._regularize import regularize_axis

__all__ = ("nanstd", "std")

np = NumpyMetadata.instance()


@high_level_function()
def std(
    x,
    weight=None,
    ddof=0,
    axis=None,
    *,
    keepdims=False,
    mask_identity=False,
    highlevel=True,
    behavior=None,
    attrs=None,
):
    """
    Args:
        x: The data on which to compute the standard deviation (anything #ak.to_layout recognizes).
        weight: Data that can be broadcasted to `x` to give each value a
            weight. Weighting values equally is the same as no weights;
            weighting some values higher increases the significance of those
            values. Weights can be zero or negative.
        ddof (int): "delta degrees of freedom": the divisor used in the
            calculation is `sum(weights) - ddof`. Use this for "reduced
            standard deviation."
        axis (None or int or str): If None, combine all values from the array into
            a single scalar result; if an int, group by that axis: `0` is the
            outermost, `1` is the first level of nested lists, etc., and
            negative `axis` counts from the innermost: `-1` is the innermost,
            `-2` is the next level up, etc; if a str, it is interpreted as the
            name of the axis which maps to an int if named axes are present.
            Named axes are attached to an array using #ak.with_named_axis and
            removed with #ak.without_named_axis; also see the
            [Named axes user guide](../../user-guide/how-to-array-properties-named-axis.html).
        keepdims (bool): If False, this function decreases the number of
            dimensions by 1; if True, the output values are wrapped in a new
            length-1 dimension so that the result of this operation may be
            broadcasted with the original array.
        mask_identity (bool): If True, the application of this function on
            empty lists results in None (an option type); otherwise, the
            calculation is followed through with the reducers' identities,
            usually resulting in floating-point `nan`.
        highlevel (bool): If True, return an #ak.Array; otherwise, return
            a low-level #ak.contents.Content subclass.
        behavior (None or dict): Custom #ak.behavior for the output array, if
            high-level.
        attrs (None or dict): Custom attributes for the output array, if
            high-level.

    Computes the standard deviation in each group of elements from `x`
    (many types supported, including all Awkward Arrays and Records). The
    grouping is performed the same way as for reducers, though this operation
    is not a reducer and has no identity. It is the same as NumPy's
    [std](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.std.html)
    if all lists at a given dimension have the same length and no None values,
    but it generalizes to cases where they do not.

    Passing all arguments to the reducers, the standard deviation is
    calculated as::

        np.sqrt(ak.var(x, weight))

    See #ak.sum for a complete description of handling nested lists and
    missing values (None) in reducers, and #ak.mean for an example with another
    non-reducer.

    See also #ak.nanstd.
    """
    # Dispatch
    yield x, weight

    # Implementation
    return _impl(
        x, weight, ddof, axis, keepdims, mask_identity, highlevel, behavior, attrs
    )


@high_level_function()
def nanstd(
    x,
    weight=None,
    ddof=0,
    axis=None,
    *,
    keepdims=False,
    mask_identity=True,
    highlevel=True,
    behavior=None,
    attrs=None,
):
    """
    Args:
        x: The data on which to compute the standard deviation (anything #ak.to_layout recognizes).
        weight: Data that can be broadcasted to `x` to give each value a
            weight. Weighting values equally is the same as no weights;
            weighting some values higher increases the significance of those
            values. Weights can be zero or negative.
        ddof (int): "delta degrees of freedom": the divisor used in the
            calculation is `sum(weights) - ddof`. Use this for "reduced
            standard deviation."
        axis (None or int or str): If None, combine all values from the array into
            a single scalar result; if an int, group by that axis: `0` is the
            outermost, `1` is the first level of nested lists, etc., and
            negative `axis` counts from the innermost: `-1` is the innermost,
            `-2` is the next level up, etc; if a str, it is interpreted as the
            name of the axis which maps to an int if named axes are present.
            Named axes are attached to an array using #ak.with_named_axis and
            removed with #ak.without_named_axis; also see the
            [Named axes user guide](../../user-guide/how-to-array-properties-named-axis.html).
        keepdims (bool): If False, this function decreases the number of
            dimensions by 1; if True, the output values are wrapped in a new
            length-1 dimension so that the result of this operation may be
            broadcasted with the original array.
        mask_identity (bool): If True, the application of this function on
            empty lists results in None (an option type); otherwise, the
            calculation is followed through with the reducers' identities,
            usually resulting in floating-point `nan`.
        highlevel (bool): If True, return an #ak.Array; otherwise, return
            a low-level #ak.contents.Content subclass.
        behavior (None or dict): Custom #ak.behavior for the output array, if
            high-level.
        attrs (None or dict): Custom attributes for the output array, if
            high-level.

    Like #ak.std, but treating NaN ("not a number") values as missing.

    Equivalent to::

        ak.std(ak.nan_to_none(array))

    with all other arguments unchanged.

    See also #ak.std.
    """
    # Dispatch
    yield x, weight

    # Implementation
    if weight is not None:
        weight = ak.operations.ak_nan_to_none._impl(weight, True, behavior, attrs)

    return _impl(
        ak.operations.ak_nan_to_none._impl(x, True, behavior, attrs),
        weight,
        ddof,
        axis,
        keepdims,
        mask_identity,
        highlevel,
        behavior,
        attrs,
    )


def _impl(x, weight, ddof, axis, keepdims, mask_identity, highlevel, behavior, attrs):
    with HighLevelContext(behavior=behavior, attrs=attrs) as ctx:
        x_layout, weight_layout = ensure_same_backend(
            ctx.unwrap(x, allow_record=False, primitive_policy="error"),
            ctx.unwrap(
                weight,
                allow_record=False,
                allow_unknown=False,
                primitive_policy="error",
                none_policy="pass-through",
            ),
        )

    x = ctx.wrap(x_layout)
    weight = ctx.wrap(weight_layout, allow_other=True)

    # Handle named axis
    named_axis = _get_named_axis(ctx)
    # Step 1: Normalize named axis to positional axis
    axis = _named_axis_to_positional_axis(named_axis, axis)

    axis = regularize_axis(axis, none_allowed=True)

    with np.errstate(invalid="ignore", divide="ignore"):
        out = ufuncs.sqrt(
            ak.operations.ak_var._impl(
                x,
                weight,
                ddof,
                axis,
                keepdims=True,
                mask_identity=True,
                highlevel=True,
                behavior=ctx.behavior,
                attrs=ctx.attrs,
            )
        )

        if not mask_identity:
            out = ak.operations.fill_none(
                out,
                np.nan,
                axis=-1,
                behavior=ctx.behavior,
                highlevel=True,
                attrs=ctx.attrs,
            )

        if axis is None:
            if not keepdims:
                out = out[(0,) * out.ndim]
        else:
            if not keepdims:
                posaxis = maybe_posaxis(out.layout, axis, 1)
                out = out[(slice(None, None),) * posaxis + (0,)]

        wrapped = ctx.without_attr(NAMED_AXIS_KEY).wrap(
            maybe_highlevel_to_lowlevel(out),
            highlevel=highlevel,
            allow_other=True,
        )
        # propagate named axis to output
        return ak.operations.ak_with_named_axis._impl(
            wrapped,
            named_axis=_get_named_axis(attrs_of_obj(out), allow_any=True),
            highlevel=highlevel,
            behavior=None,
            attrs=None,
        )


@ak._connect.numpy.implements("std")
def _nep_18_impl_std(
    a,
    axis=None,
    dtype=UNSUPPORTED,
    out=UNSUPPORTED,
    ddof=0,
    keepdims=False,
    *,
    where=UNSUPPORTED,
):
    return std(a, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims, ddof=ddof)


@ak._connect.numpy.implements("nanstd")
def _nep_18_impl_nanstd(
    a,
    axis=None,
    dtype=UNSUPPORTED,
    out=UNSUPPORTED,
    ddof=0,
    keepdims=False,
    *,
    where=UNSUPPORTED,
):
    return nanstd(a, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims, ddof=ddof)
